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Diaphragmatic rupture (also called diaphragmatic injury or tear) is a tear of the diaphragm, the muscle across the bottom of the ribcage that plays a crucial role in respiration. Most commonly, acquired diaphragmatic tears result from physical trauma. Diaphragmatic rupture can result from blunt or penetrating trauma〔 〕 and occurs in about 5% of cases of severe blunt trauma to the trunk.〔 〕 Diagnostic techniques include X-ray, computed tomography, and surgical techniques such as laparotomy. Diagnosis is often difficult because signs may not show up on X-ray, or signs that do show up appear similar to other conditions. Signs and symptoms included chest and abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, and decreased lung sounds. When a tear is discovered, surgery is needed to repair it. Injuries to the diaphragm are usually accompanied by other injuries, and they indicate that more severe injury may have occurred. The outcome often depends more on associated injuries than on the diaphragmatic injury itself.〔 〕 Since the pressure is higher in the abdominal cavity than the chest cavity, rupture of the diaphragm is almost always associated with herniation of abdominal organs into the chest cavity, which is called a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.〔 This herniation can interfere with breathing, and blood supply can be cut off to organs that herniate through the diaphragm, damaging them. ==Signs and symptoms== Breath sounds on the side of the rupture may be diminished, respiratory distress may be present, and the chest or abdomen may be painful.〔 Orthopnea, dyspnea which occurs when lying flat, may also occur,〔 and coughing is another sign.〔 In people with herniation of abdominal organs, signs of intestinal blockage or sepsis in the abdomen may be present.〔 Bowel sounds may be heard in the chest, and shoulder or epigastric pain may be present.〔 When the injury is not noticed right away, the main symptoms are those that indicate bowel obstruction.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diaphragmatic rupture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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